Dandruff vs. Dry Scalp Flakes: What’s the Difference?

Flakes on the scalp are one of the most common visual concerns people have about their hair and scalp health. But not all flakes are the same — and treating them correctly starts with knowing the difference between dandruff and a dry, flaky scalp.

Although they may look similar, they come from very different causes, and each needs its own approach to care.

What Causes Dandruff?

Dandruff isn’t just about “dryness.” In fact, it’s most often linked to an overgrowth of a naturally occurring yeast on the scalp called Malassezia. The overproduction of this yeast causes the scalps barrier/microbiome to become imbalanced, this then irritates the scalp, speed up cell turnover, and lead to the formation of greasy, yellowish-white flakes.

Other triggers include:

• Excess oil production (oily scalps are more prone)

• Hormonal changes

• Stress and diet

• Sensitivity to certain products or ingredients

Dandruff flakes tend to be larger, yellowish, stickier, and accompanied by itching and inflammation.

For dandruff-prone scalps, the Capilo Oxygenum range is designed to deeply cleanse, regulate excess oil, and rebalance the scalp’s microbiome. Its refreshing, purifying actives target the root causes of dandruff and help keep flakes under control.

What Causes a Dry, Flaky Scalp?

A dry scalp is different. It happens when the skin barrier loses moisture and becomes dehydrated. This results in small, powdery white flakes that often fall onto clothing and resemble dry skin that can be found elsewhere on the body.

Common causes of dry scalp include:

• Cold weather or low humidity

• Harsh shampoos or over-washing

• Age-related changes

• Skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis

Unlike dandruff, a dry scalp usually feels tight, itchy, and sensitive, but without the greasy texture.

For scalps that are dry, tight, or irritated, the Capilo Calmikum range offers soothing and hydrating care. With calming actives such as lavender and aloe vera, it relieves itchiness, reduces fine flakes, and restores comfort without overloading the scalp.

How to Tell Them Apart

Here are some simple signs to help distinguish the two:

• Flake size, texture & colour:

  • Dandruff: larger, clumped, off-white or yellowish

  • Dry scalp: (if any) fine, powdery, white

• Scalp condition:

  • Dandruff: oily or greasy scalp with irritation

  • Dry scalp: tight, rough, or dehydrated

• Underlying cause:

  • Dandruff: yeast imbalance + excess oil

  • Dry scalp: lack of moisture

Why Getting It Right Matters

Many people confuse dandruff with dryness and vice versa — and in attempt to treat it, end up using the wrong products. For example, using anti-dandruff shampoos on a dry scalp won't do much, if anything it'd make it worse. The same can be said for treating dandruff like simple dryness, as hydrating oils on dandruff can increase the problem.

Correctly identifying whether you’re dealing with dandruff or a dry scalp is the first step to restoring scalp balance — and healthier hair growth.

At Savvy & Shine, we believe that scalp care is the foundation of great hair. If you’re unsure which type of flakes you’re experiencing you can take our Capilo scalp quiz below, whether that means Capilo Oxygenum for dandruff or Capilo Calmikum for dry, sensitive scalps.

Need personalised advice? Take our Capilo Scalp Quiz to discover your ideal routine.

Visit our YouTube for in depth how-tos on your new, personalise Capilo routine!

https://www.youtube.com/@savvyandshine/featured